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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (antigenic formula 6,8:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:8 (C₂-C₃) serogroup. Serovar Muenchen was first described in 1932 and the first records of its isolation were documented in South and North America. 

In the U.S., Salmonella Muenchen is a common serovar that is reported among the top ten serovars isolated from humans. Strains of S. Muenchen with multidrug resistant phenotypes have been reported; one of these reports described an strain of S. Muenchen resistant to up to 12 antibiotics (i.e., ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, cephalothin, and ceftriaxone). S. Muenchen was identified in rural areas of South Georgia in watersheds and wild animals; importantly, same PFGE patterns were idientified in human salmonellosis cases.

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³ Sun Orchard issued a recall of its unpasteurized orange juice products. This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. 

Relevant links:

1. https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.46B4.697/pdf
2. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/swine2006_is_salmonella_1.pdf
3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4825103/
4. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/22161
5. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/muenchen-03-25/investigation.html#:~:text=This%20means%20that%20people%20in,strain%2C%20also%20linked%20to%20geckos.
6. https://www.food.dtu.dk/english/newsarchive/2024/06/more-outbreaks-of-salmonella-in-2023
7. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2021/12/salmonella-behind-a-quarter-of-eu-outbreaks-in-2020-with-20000-sickened/
8. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/muenchen-02-16/index.html
9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28494842/
10. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2003-outbreak-of-salmonella-muenchen-linked-to-cantaloupehoneydew-melon
11. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X22009164?via%3Dihub
12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88372/
13. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4827a2.htm
14. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdi2109-pdf-cnt.htm/$FILE/cdi2109b.pdf
15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0195670182900652#:~:text=An%20outbreak%20of%20Salmonella%20muenchen%20infection%20involving%2028%20children%20and,occurred%20in%20two%20immunodeficient%20patients.
16. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/654263
17. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/461765
18. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/442889
19. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/432927
20. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/02/123962/
21. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2013/02/fda-flexes-muscles-to-achieve-kasel-pet-treat-recall/
22. https://marlerclark.com/news_events/sun-orchard-salmonella-outbreak-multistate