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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (antigenic formula 6,8:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:8 (C₂-C₃) serogroup.

In the U.S., Salmonella Muenchen is a common serovar that is reported among the top ten serovars isolated from humans. Strains of S. Muenchen with multidrug resistant phenotypes have been reported; one of these reports described an strain of S. Muenchen resistant to up to 12 antibiotics (i.e., ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, cephalothin, and ceftriaxone). Outbreaks caused by S. Muenchen have been associated with several foods, including orange juice and alfalfa sprouts. S. Muenchen  S. Muenchen was identified in rural areas of South Georgia in watersheds and wild animals; importantly, same PFGE patterns were idientified in human salmonellosis cases.

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NCBI PD link for serovar Muenchen: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Muenchen%22)

Genetic characteristics: 

Animal reservoir: Serovar Muenchen is typically isolated from poultry, swine Swine, cattle, and wild animals poultry are reservoirs for serovar Muenchen. This serovar was also isolated from other animals such as raccoons and reptile. 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Muenchen has been found worldwide. 

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³ Sun Orchard issued a recall of its unpasteurized orange juice products. This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. 

Relevant links:

1. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/swine2006_is_salmonella_1.pdf
2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4825103/
3. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/22161
4. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/muenchen-03-25/investigation.html#:~:text=This%20means%20that%20people%20in,strain%2C%20also%20linked%20to%20geckos.
5. https://www.food.dtu.dk/english/newsarchive/2024/06/more-outbreaks-of-salmonella-in-2023
6. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2021/12/salmonella-behind-a-quarter-of-eu-outbreaks-in-2020-with-20000-sickened/
7. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/muenchen-02-16/index.html
8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28494842/
9. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2003-outbreak-of-salmonella-muenchen-linked-to-cantaloupehoneydew-melon
10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X22009164?via%3Dihub
11. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88372/
12. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4827a2.htm
13. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdi2109-pdf-cnt.htm/$FILE/cdi2109b.pdf
14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0195670182900652#:~:text=An%20outbreak%20of%20Salmonella%20muenchen%20infection%20involving%2028%20children%20and,occurred%20in%20two%20immunodeficient%20patients.
15. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/654263
16. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/461765
17. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/442889
18. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/432927
19. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/02/123962/
20. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2013/02/fda-flexes-muscles-to-achieve-kasel-pet-treat-recall/
21. https://marlerclark.com/news_events/sun-orchard-salmonella-outbreak-multistate

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