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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (antigenic formula 6,8:d:1,2) is a serovar of the O:8 (C₂-C₃) serogroup. In the U.S., Salmonella Muenchen is a common serovar that is reported among the top ten serovars isolated from humans. Strains of S. Muenchen with multidrug resistant phenotypes have been reported; one of these reports described an strain of S. Muenchen resistant to up to 12 antibiotics (i.e., ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, cephalothin, and ceftriaxone). Outbreaks caused by S. Muenchen have been associated with several foods, including orange juice and alfalfa sprouts. S. Muenchen was identified in rural areas of South Georgia in watersheds and wild animals; importantly, same PFGE patterns were idientified in human salmonellosis cases.

Animal reservoir: S. Muenchen is typically isolated from poultry, swine, cattle, and wild animals. 

Geographical distribution: S. Muenchen have been reported among the most common serovars in multiple locations; including the U.S., Australia, and Europe. In addition, microbiological identifications of S. Muenchen have benn reported in some countries in Africa (South Africa and Ethiopia), Asia (Singapore and Malaysia), and South America (Brazil). This serovar was identified in rural areas of Georgia, US.

NCBI PD link for serovar Muenchen: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Muenchen%22)

Animal reservoir: Serovar Muenchen is typically isolated from poultry, swine, cattle, and wild animals. 

Geographical distribution: Serovar Muenchen has been found worldwide. 

Human outbreaks: Multiple human outbreaks have been linked to serovar Muenchen. Below are some examples. 

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1. https://www.food.dtu.dk/english/newsarchive/2024/06/more-outbreaks-of-salmonella-in-2023
2. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2021/12/salmonella-behind-a-quarter-of-eu-outbreaks-in-2020-with-20000-sickened/
3. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/muenchen-02-16/index.html
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28494842/
5. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2003-outbreak-of-salmonella-muenchen-linked-to-cantaloupehoneydew-melon
6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X22009164?via%3Dihub
7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88372/
8. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4827a2.htm
9. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdi2109-pdf-cnt.htm/$FILE/cdi2109b.pdf
10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0195670182900652#:~:text=An%20outbreak%20of%20Salmonella%20muenchen%20infection%20involving%2028%20children%20and,occurred%20in%20two%20immunodeficient%20patients.
11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/654263
12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/461765
13. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/442889
14. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/432927
15. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/02/123962/
16. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2013/02/fda-flexes-muscles-to-achieve-kasel-pet-treat-recall/
17. https://marlerclark.com/news_events/sun-orchard-salmonella-outbreak-multistate

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