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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenster (antigenic formula 3,{10}{15}{15,34}:e,h:1,5) is a serovar of the O:3,10 (E₁) serogroup. The serovars previously known as Newhaw and Arkansas are now classified as variants of serovar Muenster. Newhaw is designated as Muenster var. 15⁺ (converted by phage ε15), while Arkansas is Muenster var. 15⁺,34⁺ (converted by phages ε15 and ε34). These variants occupy the same serological position as group O:4 (B) strains, which express factor 1 upon conversion but had not been assigned new names.  According to the During 1986, Salmonella spp. (primarily serovar Muenster) was detected in 2.9% of raw milk samples from dairy herds in southwestern Ontario, but the prevalence declined to zero within approximately a year. According to the 1996 USDA prevalence study, serovar Muenster ranked as the seventh most frequent serotype, representing 4.7% of all Salmonella spp. isolates in US dairy operations. 

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