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Geographical distribution: According to the metadata from NCBI PD, serovar Muenster has been reported reported globally but primarily in US. Among a total of 2,659 serovar Muenster isolates available in NCBI PD (accessed 04/29/2025), there were 2,040 isolates collected in US.
Human outbreaks:
| Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | US: multistate | Pet bearded dragons | 18 |
| 2008 | France | Goat's cheese | 25 |
| 2016 | US: multistate | Live poultry | 25 |
| 1980 | Saudi Arabia | Roast beef | 12 |
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