*** This version of Confluence is for testing only and contains a copy of content from June 29th 2026. No changes will be preserved. ***
Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kiambu (antigenic formula 1,4,12:z:1,5) is a serovar of the O:4 (B) serogroup. Serovar Kiambu was found to be the most common Salmonella serovar in chicken in Ontario, Canada.
NCBI PD link for serovar Kiambu: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Kiambu%22)
Animal reservoir: Unknown, but chicken might be the potential reservoir for serovar Kiambu. This serovar was also isolated from other animals such as cattle and pigAnimal reservoir: S. Kiambu was isolated from chicken, dog, and cattle.
Geographical distribution: This serovar has been reported worldwide but is primarily found in GermanyNorth America, particularly in the U.S., Canada, Grenada, Japan, and AustraliaUS. Out of 1,024 serovar Kiambu isolates available in the NCBI Pathogen Database (accessed April 10, 2025), 835 were from the US.
Human outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated Source | Number of Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | US: multistate | Dry dog food | 7 |
| 2017 | US: multistate | Maradol papayas imported from Mexico | 2201 |
1 This outbreak involved five Salmonella serovars: Thompson, Kiambu, Agona, Gaminara, and Senftenberg. Across 23 states, 220 cases were reported involving infections from the outbreak strains: Salmonella Thompson (144), Kiambu (54), Agona (12), Gaminara (7), and Senftenberg (3).
Border rejections: Multiple border rejections associated with serovar Kiambu were reported. They are all linked to black pepper imported from Brazil into Germany. Below are some examples.
Year | Exporting country | Importing country | Associated source | Product category |
| 2021 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper1 | Herbs and spices |
| 2021 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper2 | Herbs and spices |
| 2020 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper | Herbs and spices |
1 Salmonella Rubislaw, Freetown, Kiambu, Newport, Poona and Sandiego O:5- were found.
2 Salmonella Kiambu, Ealing, and Newport were found.
Recalls:
...