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Geographical distribution: This serovar has been found in Germany, the U.S., Canada, Grenada, Japan, and Australia.Outbreaks: Outbreaks have been associated with S. Kiambu.
Human outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated Source | Number of Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | US | Unknown | 32 |
| 2017 | US-multistate | Maradol papayas imported from Mexico | 60 |
| 2023 | US-multistate | Dry dog food | 7 |
Border Rejections:rejections: Multiple border rejections associated with serovar Kiambu were reported. They are all linked to black pepper imported from Brazil into Germany. Below are some examples.
Year |
Location
Associated Source
| Exporting country | Importing country | Associated source | Product category | |
| 2021 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper1 | Herbs and spices |
| 2021 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper |
*Salmonella Morehead, S. Javiana, S. Braenderup, S. Saintpaul, and S. Minnesota were also found.
| 2 | Herbs and spices | |||
| 2020 | Brazil | Germany | Black pepper | Herbs and spices |
1 Salmonella Rubislaw, Freetown, Kiambu, Newport, Poona and Sandiego O:5- were found.
2 Salmonella Kiambu, Ealing, and Newport were found.
Recalls:
Year | Location | Associated source | Type |
| 2023 | US: multistate | Dry dog food1 | Pet food |
1 This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak described above. Multiple brands including Victor, Eagle Mountain, Wayne Feeds, and some Member's Mark varieties issued a recall.
Relevant links:
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/522349
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/471644
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/451084
- https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/outbreaks-and-advisories/fda-and-cdc-investigate-cases-salmonella-linked-pet-food-made-mid-america-pet-food-multiple-brands
Relevant links and references:
- https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/Outbreaks/ucm568097.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-07-17/index.html
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X15010307
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.01923-22
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022101078X
- https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/monthly-issue/2021-47/issue-5-6-may-june-2021/salmonella-enterica-canada-2006-2019.html
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MRA.00335-20
- https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-cdi3201o.htm
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320985716_Serovars_and_antimicrobial_resistance_of_non-typhoidal_Salmonella_isolated_from_non-diarrhoeic_dogs_in_Grenada_West_Indies
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1151792/
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/521346
- https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc3675922
- https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2020-10/Salmonella-Serotype-Annual-2014.pdf
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kiambu-11-23/details.html
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