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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana (antigenic formula 1,9,12:l,z28:1,5) is a serovar of the O:9 (D₁) serogroup. S. Javiana is the fourth most common Salmonella serovar identified among human clinical infections in the U.S. S. Javiana is known to produce the typhoid toxin. S. Javiana has been associated with a number of outbreaks that identified fresh produce as the source.

NCBI PD link for S. Javianaserovar Javiana: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pathogens/isolates/#(taxgroup_name:%22Salmonella%20enterica%22)%20AND%20computed_types:(%22serotype=Javiana%22)

among the top 10 serovars from human cases the U.S., in Australia sporadic cases have been reported. In addition, spices from Thailand have been found to contain strains of S. Javiana.

According to CDC, 2011, serovar Javiana is found in non-clinical non-human sources, specifically, non-clinical chicken and turkey.  In addition, S. Javiana infection has been associated with contact with reptiles and amphibians.

Genetic characteristics: S. Javiana is primarily regarded as pansusceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics. According to the U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveillance dashboard, none of the 3,047 S. Javiana isolates tested between 1996-2024 showed phenotypic resistance to 20 clinically relevant antibiotics.  

Animal reservoir: According to CDC, 2011, S. Javiana is found in non-clinical non-human sources, specifically, non-clinical chicken and turkey.  In addition, S. Javiana infection has been associated with contact with reptiles and serovar Javiana is mainly associated with amphibians. This serovar has also been found in other animals such as dogs.

Geographical distribution: S. Javiana has been reported among the top 10 serovars from human cases the U.S., in Australia sporadic cases have been reported. In addition, spices from Thailand have been found to contain strains of S. Javiana worldwide including the US, Australia, and Germany.

Human outbreaks: Multiple human outbreaks of serovar Javiana have been associated with fresh produce. Here are some examples.

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³ Salmonella Saintpaul and Salmonella Javiana were both found. 

Recalls: 

¹ Salmonella Javiana, Salmonella Mgulani and Salmonella Weltevreden were found. 

² Tailor Cut Produce recalled its fruit luau, cut honeydew, cut cantaloupe and cut pineapple products. This recall was resulted by a multistate outbreak mentioned above. 

Relevant links:

1. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/reportspubs/salmonella-atlas/serotype-snapshots.html#:~:text=Scientists%20speculate%20that%20Javiana%20may,native%20to%20specific%20geographic%20areas
2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.13174
3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6719869/
4. https://outbreakdatabase.com/outbreaks/2021-multistate-outbreak-of-salmonella-javiana-infections-associated-with-cantaloupe
5. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/javiana-12-19/index.html
6. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5131a2.htm
7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15061502/#:~:text=Salmonella%20Javiana%20is%20a%20Salmonella,infections%20in%20Mississippi%20increased%20sevenfold.
8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2271603/
9. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/524913
10. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/524681
11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/482981
12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/452474
13. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2023/05/black-fungus-recalled-in-12-states-after-testing-finds-multiple-strains-of-salmonella/
14. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/?s=javiana