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Geographical distribution: Global distribution, this serovar have been reported among the most common serovars in US, and EU, and Thailand.

Human outbreaks: Multiple outbreaks have been associated with serovar I 4,[5],12:i:-. Here are some examples. 

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Year

Exporting country

Importing country

Associated source

Product category

2025LithuaniaLatviaPork meat preparation1Meat and meat products (other than poultry)
2024PolandCzech RepublicMinced mixed meat (pork and beef)Meat and meat products (other than poultry)
2021SpainItalyLive mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)Bivalve molluscs and products thereof

1 Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was detected in 1 out of 5 units. The product was presumably no longer on the market.

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2 This recall was caused by monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak linked to chocolate products (Kinder branded chocolate produced by Ferrero). Several countries including Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, and the UK launched the recall. 

Relevant links:

  1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2772592/
  2. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/public-health-notices/2023/outbreak-salmonella-infections-under-investigation.html
  3. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-outbreak-assessment-multi-country-salmonella-outbreak-first-update
  4. https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/chicken-08-18/index.html
  5. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/2010/alfalfa-sprouts-2-10-11.html
  6. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-1179_article
  7. https://web.archive.org/web/20120510125323/http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/frozenrodents/index.html
  8. https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/content/download/611270/4222485?version=1
  9. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5747a3.htm
  10. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/748380
  11. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/704846
  12. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/507503
  13. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/638539
  14. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-monophasic-salmonella-typhimurium-outbreak
  15. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/459559
  16. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/505184
  17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2772592/
  18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19292687
  19. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/pdfs/13-1179.pdf
  20. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13174