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Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (antigenic formula 1,9,12:g,m:- ) is a polyphyletic serovar of the O:9 (D₁) serogroup. This serovar is mainly associated with table eggs and chickens. Eggs can become contaminated either through penetration of the eggshell by Salmonella Enteritidis from the colonized gut or contaminated feces during or after oviposition (horizontal transmission). Alternatively, contamination can occur via direct infection of the yolk, albumen, eggshell membranes, or eggshells before oviposition, which results from the infection of reproductive organs with this serovar (vertical transmission).  According Since the 1990s, infection rates have dropped as the egg industry implemented voluntary controls on egg flocks and consumers have reduced their consumption of raw eggs. However, large outbreaks have still occurred. According to the World Health Organization, it is the most common serovar reported from human salmonellosis cases in Europe, North and South America, Africa and Asia.  

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