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Genetic characteristics: Comparative genomics of 73 of the sequenced strains identified three lineages of serovar Agona that emerged approx. 90 years ago. Serovar Agona has an accessory genome of approx. 1.3 Mb; this accessory genome includes (i) multiple prophages (P2-like, Fels-like, Lambda-like), (ii) antibiotic resistance plasmids (e.g., IncI1 plasmids), (iii) genomic islands, (iv) transposons, and (v) chromosomal integrons. Phylogenetic and pan-genomic analyses that included one of the sequenced serovar Agona strains and other Salmonella serovars concluded that serovar Agona belongs to clade A, according to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification and it contains 133 gene families unique to this serovar.   Song et al. analyzed 209 Agona isolates obtained from food-producing animals during 2010–2020 in South Korea  and found that resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently observed MDR pattern (60.6%, 86/142) in isolates from chickens and ducks. Among the three sequence types (STs) detected-ST13, ST11, and ST292-ST13 was predominant.

Animal reservoir: Multiple animal species, including turkey, swine and cattle are reservoirs of serovar Agona.

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Human outbreaks: Numerous outbreaks linked to Salmonella Agona have been associated with a variety of foods, including cereal, meat and fruits. Here we selected some as examplesSome examples are shown below. 

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1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13902866/
2. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/fpd.2010.0827?casa_token=r5_H4WYgMn0AAAAA%3A5MU6aDnk2JmPoDATaXDvLO7TXqqWkEc57PaWFHA6ef0LkN2mJecTbfXy73ZKQ06d-5LnTu3a6w
3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3739514/
4. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.00591-19#:~:text=Agona%20is%20ranked%20among%20the,and%20different%20animal%2Dbased%20foods.
5. https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003471
6. https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-425
7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3175032/
8. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2023.0117?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
9. https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2022/12/cucumbers-linked-to-multi-country-salmonella-outbreak/
10. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/2011/papayas-8-29-2011.html
11. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/salmonella/2008/rice-wheat-puff-cereal-5-13-2008.html
12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23228196_A_multi-country_outbreak_of_Salmonella_Agona_February_-_August_2008
13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17259878/
14. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3371796/
15. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00053368.htm
16. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/722223
17. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/screen/notification/559290
18. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/22-december-2017-salmonella-agona-infections-france-en