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Genetic characteristics: According to the EU One Health Zoonoses Report, in 2019, out of 22 Gallinarum isolates, only one exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 4 mg/L. Gallinarum sequence type (ST) 2559 has been linked to a prolonged multi-country outbreak associated with the consumption of tomatoes in the European Union, European Economic Area, and the UK.
Animal reservoir: Serovar Gallinarum has been found in wild boar, cattle, dogs, and laying hensin .
Geographical distribution: Serovar Gallinarum has been reported in European countries, such as Denmark, Germany, the UK, and Italy, as well as in the US .
Outbreaks:
Year | Location | Associated source | Number of cases |
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