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Relevant genetic characteristics: Whole genome sequences for 20 strains of S. Typhi have been deposited at GenBank as of October, 2013. Genomic characteristics of the sequenced S. Typhi include (i) a genome size ranging from 4.54 to 5.03 Mb, (ii) a mol G+C% of 52, and (iii) 4,419 to 5,336 predicted genes. Plasmids and prophages have been identified in S. Typhi. For example, a resistant plasmid of 218 kb and seven prophages were detected in S. Typhi CT18. Up to ten Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) have been detected in S. Typhi, these include SPI-1 to 7, 9, 11 to 13, and 15 to 18. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses have shown that S. Typhi (i) has a monophyletic origin approx. 50,000 years ago (ii) has suffered reductive evolution (approx. 5% of the genome are functionally inactive), (iii) belongs to clade A, according to den Bakker et al. (2011) classification, and (iv) has 349 gene families unique to this serovar.
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