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Columbia has 4 FTE in the Order and Receiving Unit (OAR) who place firm orders and receive firm ordered material.  One FTE in the OAR Unit is assigned 35% cataloging duties.  OAR staff possess language skills at a sufficient enough level to place orders, correspond with international vendors, and catalog some firm ordered material upon receipt.  The OAR Unit does not firm order Chinese-Japanese-Korean-Tibetan (CJKT) material as the processing of material in CJKT languages occurs in the technical services department at C.V. Starr East Asian Library.  At Cornell, all ordering staff also receive some material but not all staff who perform receiving also perform the ordering function. Add more???

Summarize reporting and decision-making structures at Columbia and Cornell.

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Acquisitions and Automated Technical Services (AATS) is directed by Boaz Nadav-Manes, and consists of Copy Cataloging/Inputting, Ordering and Gifts, Receiving and Documents, and Batch Processing and Metadata Management.  Procedural decisions are made by the administrative supervisor or coordinator of that unit in consultation with the director of AATS.  Policy decisions are made by the director of AATS who consults with one or all of the appropriate unit supervisors or coordinators as needed.

Columbia and Cornell appear to have similar reporting and decision-making structures.  At Columbia, MAS is a department with two individual units (BIH and OAR), an OAR Unit Librarian, and a department head, whereas Cornell's AATS is divided into individual Units with supervisors or coordinators.

Summarize significant similarities and differences between policies, practices and workflows in the Ordering Units at Columbia and Cornell.

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The OAR Unit at Columbia ingests order requests from selectors by email, the Pre-Order Online Form (POOF), GOBI, and drop-offs in the Selector Review Area.  Columbia processes "Priority 1" orders (patron requests, course reserves, regular rush) first before other orders.  A majority of the orders are submitted with vendors pre-assigned by selectors and in the case of selections made in GOBI, are ordered with Columbia's main domestic vendor YBP.  Order requests submitted without an assigned vendor are assigned vendors based on country of publication, or language.  Cornell receives orders from selectors through World Cat Select (WCS), POOF, email, and drop off/order tray.  Cornell processes orders within a 24 hour timeframe.  Vendors are assigned by WCS, language, type of material, or type of order (rush, Inter-Library Loan, reserve). 

Both Columbia and Cornell handle similar material, process priority and non-priority orders, and receive them in similar ways.  However, there are significant differences in policies, practices and workflows between the two institutions and some of these are inherent in the systems utilized to ingest and place orders.  Columbia utilizes GOBI as its main discovery, selection and ordering tool for domestic and UK imprints that are not specialized material, e.g., fine art and architecture and music scores.  The POOF is primarily used by selectors to submit orders and OAR staff enter the orders directly into Voyager after ingesting the record using WorldCat's Connexion.  OAR Unit staff are authorized to approve purchase orders in Voyager and are reviewed by the Order Unit Librarian or Head, MAS before they are forwarded to vendors.  Cornell does not use GOBI in the same manner as Columbia.  Cornell's primary discovery, selection and ordering tool is WCS.  The use of WCS at Cornell informs their practices and workflows.  Cornell's ordering staff do not approve POs in Voyager; supervisors of ordering staff approve POs on a daily basis.  Cornell's ordering staff create new orders using the POOF whereas Columbia enters them directly into Voyager.

Summarize dependencies and limitations in working with other functional units at Columbia and Cornell.

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Please see "Dependencies & Limitations."

Columbia and Cornell's ordering units depend on external departments such as collection development, Information Technology (IT), and accounting which can sometimes inhibit their ordering processes.  Columbia cannot conduct business with a vendor until they have been set up by the University's Vendor Management team.  Cornell is a bit more lax with regards to doing business with new vendors.  Credit cards are strictly controlled at Columbia and only the Order Unit Librarian and Head, MAS possess credit cards for firm ordering.  Cornell's ordering staff have their own credit cards.  Both Columbia and Cornell rely on their respective collection development departments whenever an order is submitted on an overspent fund.  Columbia must ask for collection development's permission to proceed on orders over $500. 

Summarize available baseline productivity numbers in the receiving departments at Columbia and Cornell.

Investigation: Members of the Working Group shared and posted respective documentation on baseline productivity numbers between fiscal years 2009 and 2012 on Basecamp and the 2CUL wiki.  The productivity numbers were discussed in detail during phone conversations, email correspondence, and a face-to-face meeting.              

Please see "Baseline Productivity Numbers - Ordering Group."             

As mentioned in the summary of staffing and expertise section of this report, the processing of CJKT material takes place in C.V. Starr East Asian Library which is physically and organizationally outside of the Monographs Processing Services Division at Columbia.  Cornell processes materials in CJKT within their central Library Technical Services division.  This organizational difference explicates the three distinct groups of baseline productivity numbers displayed in our reports: Columbia, Columbia-Starr (C.V. Starr East Asian Library), and Cornell.  The overall numbers show a steady decline in the quantity of firm orders for Columbia and Cornell, while Starr's productivity numbers have stayed relatively the same over the same span of time.  Cornell's numbers with CJKT are higher than Columbia's without CJKT.  However, Columbia's productivity numbers combined with Starr's CJKT numbers are higher overall than Cornell's. 

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