*** This version of Confluence is for testing only and contains a copy of content from June 29th 2026. No changes will be preserved. ***
...
Is suggested to change the apparatus and use tubes with big diameter, that will allow to increase the upflow velocity and to experiment with higher amount of lime, making easy for the water to flow in the vertical direction and avoiding the fast expulsion of lime.
2. Change of apparatus design:
Another option is to develop a complete new design. As suggestion, there is a lime feeder design described in the book "Surface Water Treatment for Communities in Developing Countries" by Schultz and Okun, 1992. According with the authors, this apparatus was used in water treatment in Brazil. The design doesn't involves electricity just hydraulic considerations.
Figure 1. Brazilian design
Figure created by ChengFeng Wu, based on the referenced book