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Here, ε is the value of the maximum energy dissipation rate for the plant, and the orifice is thus designed to achieve this value. Δh is the same target value for the head loss from the small-scale orifice design equation. This equation thus calculates the maximum minimum dimension of a rectangular orifice. This dimension can be adapted to the proposed Agalteca design with multiple small orifices, however, because of the presence of many small orifices in entire small-scale mixing orifice. The dimension calculated in this equation will then be used as the diameter of the multiple orifices that must be put into the small-scale mixing orifice. Figure 6 prvides provides a schematic of the rapid mix tube as well as the placement of the two orifices and a detail of the multiple-orifice small scale mixing orifice that will likely be used in the Agalteca plant.

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Figure 6. Proposed schematic for the rapid mix tube showing orifice placements and design for the small and large scale mixing orifices.

Headloss Calculations
The total headloss through the system is comprised of minor losses, caused by water flow through the orifices and through pipe fittings such as elbows, and major losses due to friction on the pipe walls. The equation used to calculate total headloss through the system is:

Conclusion

Future Work

Work throughout the rest of the fall 2009 semester will focus on finalizing the Agalteca plant rapid mix tube design. The rapid mix subteam will also build a full-scale model of the system in order to test the feasibility of the system as well as create a prototype tube on which to base future improvements to the tube. Experiments will also be carried out to test the flow of water through the system as well as the effectiveness of the orifices in creating rapid mix of chemical introduced to the water source flowing through the tube system.

Bibliography

List references for your project that your team has found in literature searches.

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