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\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
Linear Chemical Dose Controller Fall 2012 Final Report
\end_layout

\begin_layout Author
David Buck, Andrea Castro, Rudra Koul
\end_layout

\begin_layout Date
December 6, 2012
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
Accurate chemical dosing is an essential part of an AguaClara plant.
 Proper dosing is required for effective flocculation, sedimentation, filtration
 and disinfection.
 Coagulant (Poly Aluminum Chloride or Alum) and disinfectant (Chlorine)
 are chemicals used for dosing in an AguaClara plant.
 The linear chemical dose controller (LCDC) automatically maintains a linear
 relationship between the influent flow to the plant and the chemical dose.
 The plant operator therefore only adjusts the dose of coagulant based on
 the turbidity of the influent water.
 Previous designs for the LCDC functioned at lower flow rates, but design
 changes were necessary for increased flows and dosing of two chemicals:
 a coagulant and a disinfectant.
 The Fall 2012 team created and refined a prototype of the proposed dosing
 system design.
 Also, the team concentrated on system aesthetics by: creating a new counter
 weight, engraving the lever arm scale, adding an engraved AguaClara logo
 and anodizing the lever arm assembly.
 Once complete a refined calibration method was devised and documented and
 the system was tested for linearity of the chemical dosage with respect
 to the dosing scale and linear flow orifice meter (LFOM) height changes
 due to varied plant flow.
 Both tests resulted in a linear fit with an 
\begin_inset Formula $R^{2}$
\end_inset

 value of 0.9967 for the chemical dose percent data and an 
\begin_inset Formula $R^{2}$
\end_inset

 value of 0.9955 for the plant flow height data.
 The maximum percent error in the linear relationship between chemical dosing
 and dosing percentage was 63%.
 The maximum percent error in the linear relationship between chemical dosing
 and the LFOM height change was 34%.
 Errors were below the desired 10% at all data points except the data point
 corresponding to the lowest chemical dose, which suggests that the LCDC
 maintains a linear relationship at higher flows and is less accurate at
 low chemical flows.
 Error associated with chemical dosages with respect to the percent dosage
 can be attributed to the scale being offset from the zero (or pivot) point
 of the lever arm by approximately two centimeters.
 Error associated with changes in chemical flow rate with respect to changes
 in the plant flow rate can be attributed to the weight of the drop tube
 assembly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Accurate chemical dosing in water treatment plants is imperative to ensure
 optimal efficiency of flocculation and disinfection.
 Linear chemical dose controller (LCDC) and linear flow orifice meter (LFOM)
 systems have been designed to allow plant operators to easily and reliably
 set and maintain the desired doses of coagulant and disinfectant.
 The combined system adjusts the chemical flow rate automatically in response
 to changes in plant flow rate to maintain the target chemical dose without
 requiring an electronic supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
 system.
 A linear relationship between head loss and chemical flow in the LCDC is
 created by using the major head loss through a small diameter tube to control
 the chemical flow rate.
 The dose controller design minimizes minor losses through the chemical
 flow control system to reduce the error from non-linearities.
 The LCDC adjusts for plant flow rate changes by tracking the water level
 in the entrance tank to the water treatment plant.
 The LFOM maintains a linear relationship between height of water in the
 entrance tank and plant flow rate to create a linear input to the LCDC.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The new linear chemical dose controller design reduces the error associated
 both with the weight of the sliders in high flow rate plants and by reducing
 the non-linear effects of curved small diameter tubing.
 The new design also has the possibility of reducing the cost of chemical
 dosing by keeping the flow rates closer to the theoretical ideal rather
 than over dosing in the middle range of chemical flow rates.
 A scale up of the Summer 2012 design was fabricated, with design modifications,
 to supply coagulant for a design flow rate of 44 L/s.
 This design is tentatively scheduled for use in the Piedras Amarillas plant
 for the town of Las Vegas, Honduras.
 Detailed instructions have been provided including a parts list, the lever
 arm assembly dimensions, photos, calibration and use of the unit.
 The aesthetics of the LCDC were also improved.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Literature Review
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Mathematical Development
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The linear chemical dose controller (LCDC) uses major head loss and a constant
 head tank, which maintain a constant driving head elevation to regulate
 chemical flow to the water treatment plant.
 The relationship between major head loss and the chemical flow rate is
 given by the Hagen-Poiseuille Equation, Equation 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:hagen-poiseuille"

\end_inset

.
 The chemical flow rate (
\begin_inset Formula $Q_{C}$
\end_inset

) is a function of the major head loss (
\begin_inset Formula $h_{f}$
\end_inset

), the diameter of the tube diameter (
\begin_inset Formula $D_{Tube}$
\end_inset

), the kinematic viscosity of the solution being used (υ) and the length
 of the small diameter tube (
\begin_inset Formula $L_{Tube}$
\end_inset

)
\series bold
.
\series default

\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{equation}
Q_{C}=\frac{h_{f}g\pi D_{Tube}^{4}}{128\nu L_{Tube}}\label{eq:hagen-poiseuille}
\end{equation}

\end_inset

The Hagen-Poiseuille Equation assumes that the chemical flow used is laminar
 (see Spring 2011 Final Report, Introduction to Current Research section
 for an explanation on how this laminar flow is ensured), viscous and incompress
ible.
 This equation also assumes that the flow in the tube passes through a constant,
 circular cross-section that is significantly longer than its given diameter.
 When the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is rearranged in regards to the major
 head loss (
\begin_inset Formula $h_{f}$
\end_inset

), one can see that this variable increases proportionally as the length
 of the small diameter tube (
\begin_inset Formula $L_{Tube}$
\end_inset

) is increased as shown in Equation 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:major head"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{equation}
h_{f}=\frac{128Q_{C}\nu L_{Tube}}{g\pi D_{Tube}^{4}}\label{eq:major head}
\end{equation}

\end_inset

The total head loss through the system (
\begin_inset Formula $H_{Total}$
\end_inset

) is the sum of the major (
\begin_inset Formula $h_{f}$
\end_inset

) and minor (
\begin_inset Formula $h_{e}$
\end_inset

) head losses.
 Major losses are due to viscous shear on the pipe walls whereas minor losses
 are due to various flow expansions as shown in Equation 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:totalHead"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{equation}
H_{Total}=h_{f}+h_{e}\label{eq:totalHead}
\end{equation}

\end_inset

Substituting equations for major and minor losses results in Equation 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:rearrangedTotalHead"

\end_inset

.
 The LCDC system is designed so that the first term, which is the contribution
 due to major loss, dominates versus the second term, which is the contribution
 due to minor loss.
 This is done to maintain a linear relationship between 
\begin_inset Formula $H_{Total}$
\end_inset

and 
\begin_inset Formula $Q_{C}$
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\begin{equation}
H_{Total}=\frac{128Q_{C}\nu L_{Tube}}{g\pi D_{Tube}^{4}}+\frac{8Q_{C}^{2}K_{e}}{g\pi^{2}D_{Tube}^{4}}\label{eq:rearrangedTotalHead}
\end{equation}

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Previous Work
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Past LCDC designs assumed that the length of the small diameter tube was
 sufficient to ensure that the major head losses dominated the system.
 These designs also assumed that the linear relationship between the chemical
 flow rate and the major head loss would be maintained, as shown in the
 Hagen-Poiseuille Equation (see Equation 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:hagen-poiseuille"

\end_inset

).
 However, during the Spring 2011 semester, the LCDC team observed quadratic
 tendencies in the relationship between head and chemical flow (see Spring
 2011 Final Report Initial Laboratory Results section for an analysis of
 the experiments that produced these results).
 Minor head losses result from flow expansions through the system and are
 proportional to the square of the chemical flow rate.
 When the Spring 2011 LCDC team observed these results, they designed a
 method to model the magnitude of the minor head losses and sought to eliminate
 their sources.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The Summer 2011 LCDC team discovered that a large percentage of the minor
 losses originated from the curvature of the small diameter tube.
 To reduce this minor loss, the small diameter tube was straightened by
 using a PVC trough, which was done by moving the stock tank and CHT from
 being mounted on a frame and placed it at a further distance away.
 Another method developed to minimize minor losses, which originate from
 expansions and curves, was to use smaller barbed connectors than necessary
 for the inner diameter of the used small diameter tubing.
 This greatly reduced the minor loss through the system, though there is
 still a large enough value in the system to require further analysis of
 the experimental apparatus.
 The Fall 2011 team focused on eliminating minor losses in the system and
 further developing the calibration methods.
 The Spring 2012 team focused on the design of a triple doser to dose coagulant
 prior to flocculation, dose coagulant before the filter and dose disinfectant
 after the filter.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Summer 2012 Changes to Designs
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Two sided arm 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Two dosing tubes 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Tubing connection manifold and tubes on tank wall 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Counterweight addition 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Sleeker design 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Benefits
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Looks better/community ownership
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Removed cumbersome parts of the former design like the hanging weight on
 the tube, which was being removed by operators 
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
The linear dose controller has been re-designed to contain fewer minor losses
 and improved aesthetic appearance.
 One issue with the previous dose controller is that numerous tubes were
 needed to connect to the dosing tube for adequate dosing.
 This caused a cumbersome design with many minor losses.
 In the new design, a two sided lever arm, one for a disinfectant and one
 for a coagulant (Figure
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Lever-Arm-Assembly-1"

\end_inset

), which attaches to the plant entrance tank as shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:LCDC-Lever-Arm"

\end_inset

 was developed.
 Dosing tubes extend along the length of the entrance tank and are attached
 via manifolds.
 Two pipe manifolds (Figure
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Manifold-Smaller-Diameter"

\end_inset

) connect to small diameter tubes which are connected to the entrance tank
 wall to ensure that the tubes remain straight and also to eliminate a potential
 tripping hazard.
 This design also has a greater aesthetic appeal, which is beneficial for
 community and operator ownership and has removed the need for certain cumbersom
e parts of the former design such as the hanging weight on the tube and
 the numerous tubing inlets as described above.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Harrison Pics/CDC lever arm assembly dimensions.jpg

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever Arm Assembly
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Lever-Arm-Assembly-1"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Harrison Pics/CDC plant attachement.jpg

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever Arm Plant Attachment 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:LCDC-Lever-Arm"

\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Manifold - Compressed.jpg
	lyxscale 40
	scale 40

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Manifold Smaller Diameter Tube Connection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Manifold-Smaller-Diameter"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Design Modifications
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Design Overview
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The need for a reliable, robust method of dosing coagulant and chlorine
 solutions at municipal scale water treatment plants led to the development
 of the linear chemical dose controller (LCDC).
 With the linear relationship between height of water in the entrance tank
 and plant flow rate provided by the linear flow orifice meter (LFOM), the
 chemical dose controller utilizes a float in the entrance tank to connect
 the chemical flow rate to the plant flow rate.
 When the plant flow rate increases, the water level in the LFOM rises proportio
nally and the float and lever arm rise as seen in Figures 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Zero-flow-through"

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Maximum-flow-through"

\end_inset

.
 A stock tank provides a reservoir of the chemical solution (coagulant or
 disinfectant) and is connected to a constant head tank (CHT).
 The CHT is regulated by a float valve which keeps the chemical depth constant,
 as shown in Figures
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Chemical-stock-tank"

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Constant-head-tank"

\end_inset

.
 A large diameter tube leads from the stock tank to one or more small diameter
 long straight dosing tubes as shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Large-diameter-tube"

\end_inset

.
 A large diameter flexible tube leads to a rigid drop tube with open channel
 super critical flow that delivers the chemical to the chemical injection
 point.
 The drop tube is connected to a lever via a slider.
 The plant operator sets the slider at the desired coagulant dose based
 upon characteristics of the influent.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/20121201_144121.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Zero flow through the plant and LCDC system 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Zero-flow-through"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/20121201_153141.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Maximum flow through the plant and maximum chemical dose flow through the
 LCDC system.
 Note: the slider is set at 100% dose and the level in the entrance tank
 is at the maximum height of 20 centimeters from the zero level
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Maximum-flow-through"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/1354395757113.jpg
	lyxscale 40
	scale 40
	rotateOrigin center

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chemical stock tank (gray bucket) connected to the constant head tank (white
 container) 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Chemical-stock-tank"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/1354395869922.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Constant head tank with float valve 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Constant-head-tank"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/1354397212315.jpg
	lyxscale 40
	scale 40

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Large diameter tubing leading from the constant head tank to the small diameter
 long straight dosing tubes (3 clear PVC tubes) 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Large-diameter-tube"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*

\series bold
Chlorine Resistance 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing single
All major components that were in contact with chlorine in the system are
 chlorine resistant (i.e.
 PVC) except for the manifolds, which were polypropylene.
 The manifolds should be fabricated from PVC or other chemical resistant
 material in future models.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Lever Arm Weight
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A steel rod (having a higher density than aluminum) was hollowed out and
 a set screw was used to hold the weight in place on one end rod of the
 lever arm.
 The inner diameter was 2.54 centimeters (1 inch), the outer diameter was
 5.08 centimeters (2 inches) and the length was approximately 14 centimeters
 (5.5 inches).
 This resulted in a weight of approximately 1.7 kilograms (3.7 pounds).
 The weight is shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Lever-Arm-Counter"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center

\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Lever Arm Weight - Compressed.jpg

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever Arm Counter Weight
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Lever-Arm-Counter"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Calibration Device
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The center of the end rod on the float end of the lever arm was whittled
 down in the center as shown to fit a turnbuckle, which is used to make
 fine tune adjustments during calibration of the lever arm and is shown
 in Figure
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Turnbuckle-attached-to"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/1354400593215.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Turnbuckle attached to the lever arm 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Turnbuckle-attached-to"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Lever Arm Assembly Cross Bracing
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The original design did not include cross bracing that spanned the entire
 width of the lever arm assembly.
 This caused slight bending of the lever arms.
 To rectify this problem, rods were added as shown in Figure
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Lever-Arm-Assembly"

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Lever Arm Cross Bracing - Compressed.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever Arm Assembly Cross Bracing 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Lever-Arm-Assembly"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*

\series bold
Drop Tube Design
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The existing design for the drop tube consisted of a flexible tube inserted
 into a rigid PVC pipe, did not include fittings, and was prone to leakage.
 Constraints for the new design were:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The drop tube connection system should be light so that the slider cannot
 be weighed down
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
All components must be chlorine resistant
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The connections should be leak-free
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The water can easily be viewed by an operator as it comes in and goes out
 of the drop tube
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The entire drop tube connection system should look professional,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The dosing solution must come up into the drop tube from the bottom through
 an elbow to ensure a constant height from which the solution drops.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The current design meets all of the above criteria, except for the weight
 of the tube connection as described in the Analysis section of this report.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/20121130_144210.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Rigid drop tube connection to the slider on the lever arm
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Rigid-drop-tube-1"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Scale and Logo
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Several companies were contacted to obtain quotes for the lever arm scale
 and logo.
 The most largely applicable scale for the lever arm (for future plants)
 was determined to be a dimensionless scale from 0 to 100 percent dosage,
 in increments of five percent.
 The lever arm contains two scales that are each approximately half of the
 length of the lever arm, or about 40.6 centimeters (16 inches).
 The scales are labeled for Chlorine and Coagulant in Spanish on each scale
 as follows: Cloro and Coagulante.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Hancock Precision is a CNC machine shop that could manufacture the lever
 arms (for future units), anodize the lever arm, engrave the scale, and
 laser engrave the logo on the lever arm assembly.
 Anodization is a protective electrolytic coating that provides corrosion
 and chemical resistance.
 This method was chosen, because it provided a simple sleek design that
 did not include numerous different plates or scales that needed attachment.
 The engraving was 0.25 millimeters (0.010 inches) deep (the thickness of
 the lever arm is 3.175 millimeters or 0.125 inches).
 See Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:LCDC-system-Setup"

\end_inset

 for a pre-anodized model and Figures 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Anodized-Scale"

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Aguaclara-Eng"

\end_inset

 for the final lever arm scale and logo.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A few other options were considered, but ultimately rejected.
 A representative from Andersen Engraving suggested anodizing the lever
 arm in black, engraving it afterward, and paint filling it.
 However, concerns with paint chipping eliminated the paint option.
 Two other companies replied but were not suitable for the job (Sign Inn,
 which primarily does surface engraving for awards and name plates, and
 AllSpec Finishing, which provides a silkscreen service).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/LCDC1.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LCDC System Setup Pre-Anodization of the Lever Arm Assembly, with an Undersized
 Constant Head Tank 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:LCDC-system-Setup"

\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Lever Arm Scale.JPG
	lyxscale 10
	scale 10

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Anodized Lever Arm with Scale Engraving 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Anodized-Scale"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Lever Arm Logo.JPG
	lyxscale 10
	scale 10

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Anodized Lever Arm with AguaClara Logo 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Aguaclara-Eng"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Methods
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*

\series bold
LCDC System Laboratory Setup
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The LCDC was fabricated from components that can be found in the Table 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "tab:ComponentList"

\end_inset

 parts list and a picture of the overall system is shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Overall-System-Setup"

\end_inset

.
 The main constraint for building the LCDC test system was the wall length
 in the lab (2.74 meters).
 The AguaClara Source code was used to generate a system design with a 2.74
 meter length constraint.
 The design parameters that were used in the experimental setup are shown
 below.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Target plant flow rate: 44 L/s
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dosing tube length: 2.64 meters (The source code output calculated 2.59 meters
 but the length was left longer to allow for calibration.) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dosing tube diameter: 0.1875 centimeters (3/16 inches)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Number of dosing tubes: 3
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Water was used in place of coagulant for test purposes in the lab.
 The LCDC system was modeled in the laboratory.
 The lever arm assembly was mounted on an adjustable aluminum T-slotted
 frame.
 One end of the lever arm assembly was connected to a float in an 18.9 liter
 (five gallon) bucket filled with water to mimic the flow in the LFOM.
 For the remaining LCDC system, an 18.9 liter (five gallon) bucket served
 as the coagulant stock tank, which was connected to a constant head tank
 (CHT) regulated by a float valve.
 The CHT was mounted on an aluminum T-slotted frame.
 The coagulant exited the CHT and entered 1.27 centimeter (1/2 inch) diameter
 PVC piping which extended along the length of the dosing tubes (approximately
 2.74 meters).
 The coagulant entered the three dosing tubes via a manifold.
 The dosing tubes were connected to the manifold using barbed fittings of
 0.635 centimeters (1/4 inch) inner diameter (ID) - one size larger than
 the tube ID to reduce minor losses due to contractions.
 Additional manifold openings were plugged with black hex-head polypropylene
 plugs.
 The chemical exited the second manifold and entered the drop tube attached
 to the slider on the lever arm assembly.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Overall Lab Setup.JPG
	lyxscale 10
	scale 10

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Overall System Setup
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Overall-System-Setup"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
LCDC Calibration
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The LCDC can be calibrated as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Add water to the entrance tank to ensure that the lever arm assembly adjusts
 properly to changes in flow.
 If it does not, then the entrance tank float is not sufficiently sensitive
 to changes in water height and will need to be modified.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Move the slider to the pivot point (zero flow).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
As a starting point, measure the following heights, using the floor as a
 common reference:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
height of the water entering the drop tube.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
height of the inlet to the constant head tank (CHT) from the stock tank
 (i.e.
 the height of the float valve inlet on the CHT).
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Adjust the height of the lever arm assembly until the above-mentioned heights
 are approximately equal.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Set the height of the water in the entrance tank to zero to simulate a zero
 flow condition.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Run water through the system and ensure that air is not trapped in the system
 (push any air bubbles out by squeezing the tube exiting the constant head
 tank).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Re-adjust the height of the lever arm assembly until there is no flow through
 the system.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Level the lever arm assembly using the float chain for course adjustments
 and the turnbuckle for fine adjustments.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Repeat steps 5 through 8 until the lever arm assembly is level and flow
 rate is zero; this calibrates the lever arm assembly at zero flow.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Raise the height of the entrance tank water level to 20 centimeters above
 the current level (the maximum flow rate through the LFOM).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Move the slider to the 100 percent dosage setting (the maximum percent dosage).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Measure the flow rate using a graduated cylinder for one minute.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
If the flow is lower than the desired maximum chemical flow, evacuate water
 from the system and cut the dosing tubes by a small amount.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Place water back into the system ensuring all air has been removed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Repeat steps 11 through 13 until the maximum flow is reached and the system
 is fully calibrated.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Scale Linearity
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The lever arm assembly was calibrated at zero flow.
 Next the height of water in the entrance tank was increased by 20 centimeters,
 which corresponds to the maximum plant flow rate through the LFOM.
 Five measurements were taken at the following chemical percent dosages:
 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 percent dose.
 The dosing tube length used was 2.64 meters.
 Chemical flow rate measurements from the drop tube of the LCDC were taken
 using a graduated cylinder and one minute time increments were used for
 each measurement.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
LFOM Linearity
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The linearity of the plant flow changes was tested along with the scale
 linearity to verify that the new system was maintaining a linear relationship.
 Markings were added to the inside of an 18.9 liter (five gallon) bucket
 to measure changes in height.
 Water was added or removed from the bucket to adjust for a specific height.
 Three chemical flow rate measurements from the drop tube of the LCDC were
 taken at heights of 0, 5 and 20 centimeters.
 Fewer repetitions were used with these data because it was determined that
 three would be sufficient.
 Also, five chemical flow rate measurements from the drop tube of the LCDC
 were taken at 15 centimeters because flow at this point was more variable.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Analysis
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Scale Linearity
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The data was plotted and fit to a linear trend line as shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Dose-vs.-Flow"

\end_inset

.
 The 
\begin_inset Formula $R^{2}$
\end_inset

value for the linear fit was 0.9967.
 The y-intercept was not set equal to zero since the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

0
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 on the scale bar is offset by approximately two centimeters from the true
 zero, or pivot point.
 Therefore, the dose at the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

0
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 mark on the scale is approximately 0.4 milliliters per second and all doses
 on the scale are actually five percent higher than the value presented
 on the scale as shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand formatted
reference "fig:Scale-Offset-Error"

\end_inset

.
 Additionally, since the system was calibrated by moving the lever arm assembly
 along the T-slotted framing until the observed flow rate was zero, there
 is error (estimated at less than 1 centimeter) associated with the calibration
 height.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename chart1.pdf
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chemical Flow Rate vs.
 Chemical Percent Dose for a Dosing Tube Length of 2.64 meters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Dose-vs.-Flow"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align left
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Slider Scale Offset Error.JPG
	lyxscale 10
	scale 10

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Scale Offset Error 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Scale-Offset-Error"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset

The observations were then compared with the values predicted by the above
 linear equation.
 The percent error versus percent chemical dose is shown in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Dose-vs.-Percent"

\end_inset

.
 Maximum percent error of 63% was observed at zero percent dosage, indicating
 an unacceptable level of error at low dosages.
 One explanation of this increased error is surface tension effects of the
 water at very low flows.The percent error was below ten percent for all
 other dosages tested above zero percent.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Percent Error vs Chemical Dose Percent.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Percent Error between Predicted and Actual Chemical Flow Rates vs.
 Chemical Dose Percent for a Dosing Tube Length of 2.64 meters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Dose-vs.-Percent"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Plant Flow Changes Linearity
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The data collected for chemical flow versus height in the LFOM are given
 in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Plant-Flow-Rate"

\end_inset

.
 The 
\begin_inset Formula $R^{2}$
\end_inset

value for this fit was 0.9955.
 The y-intercept was not set to zero because there was a small chemical
 flow at the zero height value at 100 percent dosage.
 This means the slider and drop tube assembly is too heavy to prevent chemical
 flow at zero plant flow.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Qc vs. Qp Chart.pdf
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Plant Flow Rate vs.
 Chemical Flow Rate for a Dosing Tube Length of 2.64 meters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Plant-Flow-Rate"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align left
The percent error between the collected data and linear fit model versus
 LFOM height are presented in Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Percent-Error-between"

\end_inset

.
 The maximum percent error was 34%.
 As with the percentage dose data, higher percent error occurred at lower
 chemical flow rates which may be related to surface tension effects at
 low flow.
 Other possible sources of error were difficulties with keeping the head
 tank constant.
 Possible causes were bends in the tube connecting the chemical stock tank
 to the constant head tank and the small float rod may not have provided
 enough torque to properly close the float valve.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Percent Error vs Entrance Tank Height.jpg
	lyxscale 50
	scale 50

\end_inset


\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Percent Error between Predicted and Actual Chemical Flow Rate vs.
 LFOM height for a Dosing Tube length of 2.64 meters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:Percent-Error-between"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Conclusions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The main purpose of the semester was to create, refine, and test a prototype
 of the lever arm assembly based on a basic design for the prototype which
 needed improvement.
 There were a few constraints that applied to all modifications which included
 creating an aesthetically appealing design, eliminating leakage from tubing
 connections, and ensuring that all components were resistant to chlorine.
 The team devised a drop tube connection design to reduce leakage, added
 cross bracing to the lever arm assembly to reduce bending of the lever
 arms, devised a new calibration device to enable fine-tuned adjustments
 and completed testing to verify the linearity of the new lever arm assembly.
 Finally, in order to create an aesthetically pleasing design the team had
 the lever arm anodized, added a modified weight, and had the label, scale
 and logo mechanically engraved on the lever arm.
 The LCDC system was tested for linearity of the chemical dosage with respect
 to the dosing scale and linear flow orifice meter (LFOM) height changes
 due to varied plant flow.
 Both tests resulted in a linear fit with an 
\begin_inset Formula $R^{2}$
\end_inset

 value of 0.9967 for the chemical dose percent data and an 
\begin_inset Formula $R^{2}$
\end_inset

 value of 0.9955 for the plant flow height data.
 The maximum percent error in the linear relationship between chemical dosing
 and dosing percentage was 63%.
 The maximum percent error in the linear relationship between chemical dosing
 and the LFOM height change was 34%.
 Errors were below the desired 10% at all data points except the data point
 corresponding to the lowest chemical dose, which suggests that the LCDC
 maintains a linear relationship at higher flows and is less accurate at
 low chemical flows.
 Error associated with chemical dosages with respect to the percent dosage
 can be attributed to the scale being offset from the zero (or pivot) point
 of the lever arm by approximately two centimeters.
 Error associated with changes in chemical flow rate with respect to changes
 in the plant flow rate can be attributed to the weight of the drop tube
 assembly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Future Work
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are various tasks that still need attention with regard to the chemical
 dose controller.
 Since we designed for a higher chemical dose than previous teams, a larger
 constant head tank (CHT) assembly was required.
 Calibration of the LCDC involved adjusting the outlet on the drop tube
 on the lever arm assembly with the inlet to the CHT.
 Either the height of the CHT or the lever arm assembly must be adjusted.
 The CHT used in the lab included a large tank, which became cumbersome
 when filled with water.
 Therefore, the height of the lever arm assembly was adjusted by moving
 the assembly up and down along the T-slotted aluminum framing.
 Fine adjustments on this height were difficult.
 An adjustable constant head tank mounting system or a smaller head tank
 or float could eliminate this issue.
 Secondly, the manifolds for the small diameter dosing tubes require fabrication
 from another material other than polypropylene.
 The Fall 2012 team used readily available polypropylene manifolds to reduce
 fabrication labor costs; however, polypropylene is not resistant to chlorine.
 Alternative options include pre-fabricated manifolds consisting of PVC
 or another chlorine-resistant material or a custom manifold fabricated
 from a chlorine-resistant material.
 Thirdly, the cross bracings for the lever arm assembly are composed of
 numerous individual pieces.
 A sleeker, more aesthetically pleasing design would consist of a single
 piece extending through the entire width of the lever arm rather than several
 individual pieces.
 A fourth objective would be to lighten the slider and drop tube to ensure
 zero chemical flow at zero plant flow and 100 percent dosage.
 Lastly, the design tool needs to be updated to include the latest design.
 Once an AutoCAD drawing of the design has been made, then an engraving
 of the lever arm assembly could possibly be programmed via a computer numerical
 control (CNC) machine to streamline subsequent engravings of the scale
 and logo.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Appendix
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection*
Parts List
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Float table
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Detailed list of components for the LCDC
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "tab:ComponentList"

\end_inset

.
 This listing is for a LCDC designed for a 
\begin_inset Formula $44\,\frac{L}{s}$
\end_inset

 water treatment plant.
 Depending on the plant capacity, different quantities or sizes may be required.
 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="35" columns="3">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="3cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="2.02cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.5cm">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Part Name (Quantity)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Picture
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Description and Explanation
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Rectangular Bars—Unpolished Finish (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/alrecbars.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever arm:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Multipurpose Aluminum (Alloy 6061) 1/8" Thick X 1" Width X 6' Length
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Rods—Unpolished Finish (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/alrods.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever end rods:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Multipurpose Aluminum (Alloy 6061) 1" Diameter, 3' Length
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Rectangular Bars—Unpolished Finish (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/alrecbars.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever arm slider:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Multipurpose Aluminum (Alloy 6061) 3/4" Thick, 1-1/2" Width, 1' Length
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Plastic-Head Thumb Screws (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/91185ac1s.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Locks the sliders on the lever arm in place: Plastic-Head Thumb Screw Black
 Knurled Head, 10-32 Thread, 1" Length
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Aluminum Un-threaded Spacers (4)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/92320a525p3s.png
	scale 75

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever Arm Spacers:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Aluminum Un-threaded Round Spacer 1/2" OD, 1-3/4" Length, 1/4" Screw Size
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Aluminum Unthreaded Spacers (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/92320a525p3s.png
	scale 75

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lever arm cross bracing:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Aluminum Unthreaded Round Spacer 1/2" OD, 2-1/2" Length, 1/4" Screw Size
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Steel Rod (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/RudyPicsCDC/419niyVFFtL._SL500_AA300_.jpg
	lyxscale 10
	scale 10

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used as the counterweight against the float, on the opposite end of the
 lever arm from where the entrance tank float is connected: 4.25
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 long, with an inner diameter of 1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to fit snugly over the end rod
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set Screw (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/set screws.jpg
	lyxscale 15
	scale 15

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to set the the weight on the lever arm in place
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Turnbuckle (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/Turmbucle.jpg
	lyxscale 30
	scale 30

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Calibration device: used to make fine tune adjustments to the height of
 the LFOM float
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Entrance Tank Float (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/CharlottePipe&FoundryCo.bmp
	lyxscale 5
	scale 5

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LFOM float: Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Co.
 6
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 PVC with hook screwed into lid
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chain (3')
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/chain.JPG
	lyxscale 10
	scale 10

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to attach the LFOM float to the turnbuckle on the lever arm assembly
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Float hook (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/float hook.JPG
	lyxscale 5
	scale 5

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to attach the chain to the LFOM float
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Drop Tube (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/imgres.jpg
	lyxscale 20
	scale 20

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The point of discharge from the LCDC into the water supply.
 3/4
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 clear rigid PVC pipe
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Drop Tube Elbow (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/barbed elbow.JPG
	lyxscale 5
	scale 5

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to attach the tee in the drop tube assembly to the tubing from the
 manifold.
 1/2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 NPT x 3/8
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 Tube ID
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shoulder Screws (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/97345ac1l.png
	lyxscale 15
	scale 15

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to allow the lever arm assembly to pivot along the mounting bracket
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Brackets and Braces for Aluminum T-Slotted Framing
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/47065t18p2-i02fl.png
	lyxscale 25
	scale 25

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Bracket to mount the lever arm to the outer entrance tank wall, and to set
 up a frame during laboratory testing:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Aluminum Inch T-Slotted Framing System Extended Plate, Double, 8-Hole, for
 1" Extrusion
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
End-Feed Fasteners for Aluminum T-Slotted Framing
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/47065t97p2l.png
	lyxscale 25
	scale 25

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/47065t97p1l.png
	lyxscale 35
	scale 35

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Screws and fasteners to connect brackets and braces to the framing.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Constant Head Tank (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/4533t61p1l.png
	lyxscale 25
	scale 25

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
NSF-Certified Plastic Storage Container Polyethylene, 20 qt, 18" L X 12"
 W X 9" H and Lid with a hole drilled in the side to attach the float and
 a hole drilled in the bottom center for the through-wall barbed fitting.
 The cover prevents contamination of the chemical by particles in the air,
 but does not make the container air-tight.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Constant Head Tank Float (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/float_ball.jpeg
	lyxscale 15
	scale 15

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/float_valve.jpeg
	lyxscale 15
	scale 15

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/float-rods.jpeg
	lyxscale 30
	scale 30

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The float valve is attached to the side of the constant head tank, and keeps
 the water level constant inside the CHT: Kerick Float Ball PF45, 3/8″ MIP
 inlet and outlet, 0.187″ orifice.
 Float Ball and 3
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 metal rod with 1-4/20
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 thread
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chemical-Resistant Clear PVC Tubing (20')
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/5231kp8s.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Conveys water from the drop tube to the manifold, the CHT to PVC, and the
 CHT to the stock tank:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Clear PVC Tubing Chemical, 3/8" ID, 1/2" OD
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Manifold (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/5469k125p1l.png
	lyxscale 11
	scale 11

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Connects the PVC tubing to the dosing tubes: Polypropylene Manifold 4 Outlets,
 1/2" NPT Inlet X 3/8" NPT Outlet
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Black Hex-Head Polypropylene Plug (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/50785kp13l.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Plugs the unused openings in the manifold: 1/2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 pipe size
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Black Hex-Head Polypropylene Plug (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/50785kp13l.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Plugs the unused openings in the manifold: 3/8
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 pipe size
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Standard-Wall/ Schedule 40 PVC Unthreaded Pipe (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/48925kp1s.png
	lyxscale 50
	scale 25

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Conveys water from the constant head tank to the dosing tubes:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Unthreaded Pipe 1/2 Pipe Size X 10' Length
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Coupling
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/4738tp4l.png
	lyxscale 25
	scale 25

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to shorten PVC length if needed: Couplings, Female Socket Ends
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Pipe Fitting (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/4596kp1s.png
	lyxscale 60
	scale 60

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to connect the tubing from the constant head tank to the first dosing
 tubes manifold: Thick-Wall PVC Threaded Pipe Fitting 3/8 Pipe Size, 90
 Deg Elbow, Schedule 80
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Ball Valve (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/4724k71p1s.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Allows draining of accumulated sediment in PVC tubing, prior to entering
 dosing tubes: Low-Pressure PVC Ball Valve 1/2" NPT Female
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PVC Tee, Female Unthreaded Socket Ends (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/4880kp3s.png
	lyxscale 30
	scale 30

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used in the drop tube assembly, also used to connect the manifold and ball
 valve to the PVC piping: Standard-Wall PVC Pipe Fitting 1/2 Pipe Size,
 Tee.
 **One tee needs a threaded middle connection**
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Barbed Tube Fitting (1)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/5372kp1l.png
	lyxscale 30
	scale 30

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Used to connect the CHT to the PVC assembly: Durable Nylon Multi-Barbed
 Tube Fitting Adapter for 3/8" Tube ID X 3/8" NPT Male Pipe.
 **Nylon fittings were used but chemical resistant fittings should be used
 in future designs**
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chemical-Resistant Clear PVC Tubing (20')
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/5231kp8s.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Dosing Tubes:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Clear PVC Tubing Chemical, 3/16" ID, 1/4" OD, 1/32" Wall Thickness
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Adapters, Tube to Male Threaded Pipe (3)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/51055k18p1l.png
	lyxscale 75
	width 2cm

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Connects the tubing from the stock tank to the CHT and the tubing from the
 CHT to the PVC piping: Moisture-Resistant Acetal Push-to-Connect Adapter
 for 1/2" Tube OD X 1/2" NPTF Male Pipe
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Barbed Fitting Push-to-Connect Insert (3)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/barbed.JPG
	lyxscale 1
	scale 1

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Attaches flexible tubing to the Push-to-Connnect Adapter, preventing leaks
 from directly connecting flexible tubing to the rigid adapter:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1/2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 barbed fitting to 1/2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 Push-to-Connect
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Adapters, Male Threaded End to Female Unthreaded Socket End (2)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/4880kp6s.png
	scale 50

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Connects the manifold and the ball valve to the PVC piping: Standard-Wall
 White PVC Pipe Fitting 1/2 Pipe, Male Adapter, NPT Male X Socket Female
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Adapters, Hose-to-Threaded Male Pipe (6)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename Design Pics/Parts List/5228k28p1s.png
	scale 75

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\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
Connects the dosing tubes to the manifold:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Nylon Push-on Hose Fitting Adapter for 1/4" Hose ID X 3/8" NPT Male Pipe.
 **Nylon fittings were used but chemical resistant fittings should be used
 in future designs**
\end_layout

\end_inset
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\end_body
\end_document
