#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 413 \begin_document \begin_header \textclass article \use_default_options true \maintain_unincluded_children false \language english \language_package default \inputencoding auto \fontencoding global \font_roman default \font_sans default \font_typewriter default \font_default_family default \use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 \font_tt_scale 100 \graphics default \default_output_format default \output_sync 0 \bibtex_command default \index_command default \paperfontsize default \use_hyperref false \papersize default \use_geometry false \use_amsmath 1 \use_esint 1 \use_mhchem 1 \use_mathdots 1 \cite_engine basic \use_bibtopic false \use_indices false \paperorientation portrait \suppress_date false \use_refstyle 1 \index Index \shortcut idx \color #008000 \end_index \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \paragraph_indentation default \quotes_language english \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \tracking_changes false \output_changes false \html_math_output 0 \html_css_as_file 0 \html_be_strict false \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Title Foam Filtration \end_layout \begin_layout Author Jenny Guan, Monica Kuroki, Lishan Zhu \end_layout \begin_layout Date May 10, 2013 \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Originally, the foam filtration system was designed to provide clean water to small-scale communities. The system was also designed to provide water in emergency situations such as a refugee camps. The system was ideally powered by gravity and the optimal filtration rate was made to be 3 L/min. For the Spring 2013 semester, the foam filtration team began fabricating a new system and recording the process of the new system. The previous filtration system was designed and shipped to Honduras in January 2013. The current design focuses on pieces readily acquired in-country. This allows feasible construction in Honduras and, potentially, other developin g countries. Products such as 8020 steel, clear PVC piping and flexible tubing have been removed from the design because they cannot be easily found outside of the US. The foam filtration team this semester is also working on making the design more compact for easy transportation. Additionally, the foam filtration team designed a new compact stand of PVC piping to hold the filtration system. The team included a larger collection tank to allow for the incorporation of a linear dosing system. \end_layout \begin_layout Part* Introduction & Background \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The foam filtration system previously used for testing was designed to make data collection easier and research more feasible. Now that the parameters and design effecting the performance of the filter are better understood, the team is seeking to make a support frame and develop fabrication techniques so that the filter can be built and used in country. The previous foam filtration system was taken to Honduras during January 2013 to be field used and tested. This semester, the team was focused on the fabrication of a second foam filtration system with a support frame that could be built with locally available tools and materials. Pieces for this filter were ordered from McMaster-Carr and constructed and assembled in the AguaClara lab. Throughout the process, the team has been compiling a list of ordered pieces and a corresponding price list \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "tab:McMaster-Carr Ordering" \end_inset . The new filter has gone through preliminary testing in the lab. An accurate list of necessary pieces to assemble a foam filter will exist along with documentation as to how the filter and frame were assembled. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The unit of measuring foam density is pores per inch (ppi). The higher the number of ppi, the more dense the foam is. The first foam filtration design consisted of a single column of 90 ppi foam. The design also utilized a peristaltic pump to transfer the water to the filter. The subsequent foam filtration teams have worked to understand how foam filters work to establish parameters that could be used for a better design. To avoid clogging the 90 ppi foam column when filtering extremely turbid water, the filter column has been divided into two processes: the roughing and finishing filtration. The water is first filtered by two 30 ppi foam columns to get rid of large particles and then sent through the 90 ppi foam column for filtration of finer particles. Up until the Fall 2012 semester, the filtration system has been reliant on a pump to move water from the tank through the filters. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard This newly designed system features a larger entrance tank allowing for the addition of a linear chemical doser. This system required the creation of a new linear flow orifice meter (LFOM). The LFOM allows for a constant chemically dosed flow with respect to water input. This semi-automatic system requires minimal interaction to provide constant dosing. This process makes the system more independent and easier to manage. To keep the filters from building up head loss and effluent turbidity from exceeding standards, the foam filters have to be periodically cleaned. A \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset plunger \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset was made from a long PVC pole attached to a porous disc to clean the filter pieces. This \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset plunger \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset allows the foam to be compressed and force the dirty particles through the filter, similar to squeezing out a dirty sponge. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The foam filtration team has primarily been focused on the re-design and re-structuring of a foam filtration system. The greatest challenge thus far has been understanding which pieces will work in which location. Additionally, because there was little literature on the fabrication of the foam filtration system, designs have been created from scratch. \end_layout \begin_layout Section* Challenges and Progress \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection* FOAM FILTERS \end_layout \begin_layout Standard For the foam filtration system there are two roughing filters and one finishing filter. These filters were cut in a \begin_inset Formula $4\, inch$ \end_inset ( \begin_inset Formula $10.16$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) diameter circular shape and kept at the original height of \begin_inset Formula $14.75\, inches$ \end_inset ( \begin_inset Formula $37.5$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ). Past foam filtration teams determined that when using a \begin_inset Formula $4\, inch$ \end_inset ( \begin_inset Formula $10.16$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) diameter filter, the approach velocity that produced the best removal efficiency was \begin_inset Formula $6\, mm/s$ \end_inset . This corresponds to \begin_inset Formula $3\, L/min$ \end_inset . Thus \begin_inset Formula $4\, inch$ \end_inset ( \begin_inset Formula $10.16$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) Schedule 40 PVC pipes were ordered as holders for the foam filters. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard For the filters, 2 roughing filters (30 ppi) and 1 refining filter (90 ppi) were used that were ordered from New England Foam by past foam filtration teams. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Uncut Filter" \end_inset These foam pieces have a height of 14.75 inches ( \begin_inset Formula $37.5$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) and with a square face that is 4 in x 4 in. These pieces were cut as close to a 4 inch ( \begin_inset Formula $10.16$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) circular diameter as possible using a band saw. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Cut Filter" \end_inset In order to prevent preferential flow in the filter, which would reduce the removal efficiency, the foam needs to fit tightly against the wall of the PVC. Because it is difficult to cut the foam in a perfectly circular shape, filters resemble octagonal objects in shape. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Once the filters have been cut into their circular shape, a hole is punctured horizontally across the top of the filters using a corer. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Puncturing Foam Filter" \end_inset This is done by clamping the foam between two wood blocks, with a 0.5 inch ( \begin_inset Formula $1.27$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) hole drilled into one wood block, and puncturing the foam using the corer once the foam is secure as shown in Figure 1 below. This hole should be 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in diameter. This hole will be used to thread the string through for cleaning and measuring purposes. A 0.5 inch ( \begin_inset Formula $1.27$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) diameter 4 inch ( \begin_inset Formula $10.16$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset ) long piece of flexible clear PVC was put into the hole of each filter to act as a barrier against the string, so it will not damage the filter as it is being pulled up after cleaning. A string with a plastic handle was threaded through the hole of the foam filter for foam removal. In order to remove the foam, handle bar is pulled up until the foam filter is free from the PVC piping. To insert the foam, the foam is pushed into PVC pipe as far as possible. To ensure the foam has reached its correct location, it is pulled back up by the string handle. On the string, there are markings which demonstrate that the foam is at the correct depth. These markings must be drawn on during construction. To create markings, thread the foam with string of ample length. Push the foam filter to the bottom of the pipe; check at bottom of PVC pipe to ensure foam is at bottom and fully expanded. Mark string length. Repeat for all filters. No specific height can be provided because string lengths vary based on the height of the PVC piping. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/foam filter hole punching.PNG \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Puncturing Foam Filter" \end_inset \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Method for puncturing foam filter to form a hole for threading the string that pulls the filter up after cleaning. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The 4 in diameter PVC pipes, used to support the foam pieces, needed to be cut into two segments; one for the roughing filters, one for the finishing filter. The roughing pipe must be at least the height of the two roughing filters. A \begin_inset Formula $10\, foot$ \end_inset long, \begin_inset Formula $4\, inch$ \end_inset diameter Schedule 40 PVC pipe was ordered from McMaster Carr and cut into appropriate lengths.The roughing pipe is approximately 50 inches ( \begin_inset Formula $142.25\, cm$ \end_inset ). The refining pipe is approximately \begin_inset Formula $31\, inches$ \end_inset ( \begin_inset Formula $78.75\, cm$ \end_inset ). These heights are estimated, as final heights have not been decided. These pipes are connected to each other via \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset schedule 40 PVC pipe. The height of the connection piping should be at most, the height of the roughing filter. This is to ensure that the water will properly flow to the finishing filter. Below is a schematic of the connections, piping and joints. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/Filter schematic- final report.PNG \end_inset \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Schematic of connections, piping and joints of foam filtration system without stand. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/uncut filter.png scale 50 \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Uncut Roughing and Finishing Foam Filter. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Uncut Filter" \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/cut filters.png scale 50 \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Cut Filter" \end_inset \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Cut Roughing and Finishing Filter. Filters have been threaded with 1/2 inch hole and string. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection* STAND \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The foam filtration team has redesigned the stand that will hold the foam filtration system. The previous foam filtration system was supported by a steel 8020 frame. Originally, the stand was to be made out of wood, but after consulting the CEE shop, it was determined that PVC piping would be a more suitable material. Unlike wood, PVC will not warp from contact with water and it is more readily available in the Honduras. However, PVC does become more brittle when exposed to UV light. Since the foam filtration system will be located outside, we recommend that a shade for the foam filtration system be available. As a result, the foam filtration stand was redesigned to be built out of \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset PVC piping connected with appropriate tees and elbows. Appropriate parts for the stand were ordered and consisted of 4 \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset PVC pipe at a 10’ length, 4 \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, inch$ \end_inset 90 degree elbows, and 20 \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, inch$ \end_inset tees. To prepare the construction of the filtration system, appropriate piping that connects the two filters was ordered as well. The parts consisted of 3 \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset tees, 8 \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset 90 degree elbows, 1 10’ length \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset PVC pipe, 1 low-pressure \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset ball valve, \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset standard-wall white PVC pipe fitting with a male adapter and a female socket, and a \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset diameter \begin_inset Formula $3\, inch$ \end_inset longthreaded nipple. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Schematic of Rung" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The stand design consists of 4 H-shaped rungs constructed out of \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset PVC piping and tee fittings, with each rung rotated 90 degrees from the one below it. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Assembled Stand" \end_inset The rungs are attached and stacked upon one another through \begin_inset Formula $1\frac{1}{2}\, in$ \end_inset PVC piping and fittings. When determining the length of the stand piping, the diameter of the filters and connecting pipes were taken into consideration. This stand has been adapted to hold the entrance tank. The entrance tank rests on the leg which holds the roughing filter. The stand is not currently designed to hold the chemical stock tank. Space has been left on the highest rung to accommodate the chemical stock tank that will be added in the future. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Top of Stand" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/Stand Rung.PNG \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Schematic of Rung" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Schematic of a rung. The dark blue represents the PVC piping while the light blue represents the fittings. We decided to start off by cutting 5 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset long small pieces, and from that, we determined that the middle length needed to be cut at a 12 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset length to ensure that the rungs will fit on top of one another. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/stand.png scale 50 \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Assembled Stand" \end_inset \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Assembled Stand. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/top.png scale 50 \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Top of Stand" \end_inset \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Top of Stand. On the top of the stand, the entrance tank is connected to the leg holding the roughing filter. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection* Stock Tank \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The goal of creating a larger stock tank is to provide enough space to implement the linear dosing system. With an increase in the size, the weight which controls the doser for coagulant will be able to fit more easily inside the stock tank. The stock tank was increased to be able to hold 3 liters of water and has a diameter of \begin_inset Formula $15.3$ \end_inset \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset \begin_inset Formula $cm$ \end_inset at the opening. The increase in diameter still allows for an linear flow orifice meter (LFOM) in the stock tank and also provides an opening for the coagulant doser weight to measure the height of the water. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "MathCAD Equations" \end_inset MathCad files were interpreted for optimization of new LFOM sizes and requiremen ts for the linear dosing system. Because there has not been a linear dosing system designed for such a small operating system, this area requires more research. As the previous model did not use a linear chemical doser, we are currently working on new designs to incorporate this into the filter system. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The calculations for construction of the LFOM were completed and provided for by Casey Garland using MathCAD. The calculations were based off of a \begin_inset Formula $1\, in$ \end_inset diameter LFOM pipe with a max flow rate of \begin_inset Formula $4\,\frac{L}{min}$ \end_inset . \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "LFOM Orifice Spacing" \end_inset 9 rows of orifices were calculated. A \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{8}\, in$ \end_inset drill bit is to be used to drill 9 rows of orifices. The number of orifices per row is pictured below. \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "Layout of Orifices" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/LFOM Equations.PNG \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "MathCAD Equations" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout MathCAD Equations used to Calculate Orifice Positions \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/LFOM Orifice spacing.PNG \end_inset \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/LFOM orifices per row.PNG \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "LFOM Orifice Spacing" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout LFOM Orifice Spacing \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Float figure wide false sideways false status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename Pictures/LFOM Layout.png scale 70 \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "Layout of Orifices" \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout Layout of the orifices drilled in the LFOM of each row. \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection* Material Sheet and Pricing \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The following items were ordered from McMaster-Carr. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Float table wide false sideways true status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Tabular \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Item \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Item Number \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Description of Piece \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout What Piece Is Used For \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Quantity \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Total Price \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 10' Length PVC Pipe \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 48925K18 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout White PVC with standard wall, unthreaded \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Holding the filters \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $40.92 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 PVC Pipe Fitting, Cap \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K58 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Standard wall, 4 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 white PVC pipe fitting, female threading added \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Sealing the bottom of the filter holders. \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 2 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $11.40 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 3-7/8 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Flange with 3/4 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Pipe Fitting \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4596K153 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Thick wall, schedule 80, dark gray PVC, 3/4 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset female threading \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Bottom of the cleaner, the Plunger \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $8.66 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 3/4 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 80 5' Length PVC Pipe \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 48855K22 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Thick wall, dark gray PVC, male thread on one side \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout The cleaner's handle \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $4.75 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1-1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 10' Length PVC Pipe \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 48925K15 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Standard-wall, white PVC, unthreaded \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout The legs and rungs of the stand \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $43.16 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1-1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 PVC Fitting, Elbow \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K25 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 90 degree elbow PVC pipe fitting, white \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching the legs and rungs of the stand together \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $4.52 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1-1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 PVC Fitting, Tee \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K45 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout PVC pipe fitting. white \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching the legs and rungs of the stand together \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 20 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $30.20 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Male Adapter, Female Socket x NPT Male \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K63 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Standard wall, Sch 40, female socket to male thread adapter \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching the LFOM to the reservior \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $0.54 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 PVC Pipe Fitting, Tee \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K41 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Standard wall, white PVC, unthreaded \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching the pipes that transport water between filters \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 3 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $1.11 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 PVC Pipe Fitting, Elbow \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K21 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 90 degree elbow PVC pipe fitting, unthreaded \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching the pipes that transport water between filters \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 8 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $2.40 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 40 10' Length PVC Pipe \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 48925K11 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout White PVC with standard wall, unthreaded \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Transporting water between fiters and to the chlorine doser \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $4.13 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout PVC Ball Valve, 1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Female Threading \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4876K11 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Low-pressure ball valve, white \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout An exit point for filter residue from cleaning \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $6.90 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Male Adapter, NPT Male x Socket Female \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 4880K61 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Standard wall, Sch 40, female socket to male thread adapter \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching valve to pipes that transport water between filters \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $0.27 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1/2 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Sch 80 3 \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset Length Threaded Pipe Nipple \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 9173K53 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Short gray piping, with male threading on one side \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaches filter holders to the water transporting pipes \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout 1 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $1.56 \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Hose clamps \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Metal hose clamps of various lengths found around the lab \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Attaching the foam filtration holders and pipes to the stand \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Total Cost \end_layout \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout $160.52 \end_layout \end_inset \end_inset \begin_inset Caption \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label name "tab:McMaster-Carr Ordering" \end_inset Materials and Pricing (based on McMaster-Carr catalogue April 2013) \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Section* Conclusion \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The piping for the stand has been cut into the appropriate sizes by the CEE shop located in Hollister Hall and assembled by the foam filtration team. The height of the finished stand is based on the raised heights of the roughing and finishing filter. The piping used to transport water between the filters and to the chlorine doser have also been cut and assembled. The LFOM and reservoir tank have been assembled and cut to the appropriate sizes. The piping used to hold the filters have been successfully attached to the stand using hose clamps with leftover foam acting as a padding between the foam holders and stand. Water was run through the system without filters to insure that the stand can support the filter system when in use and to gauge where leaks will occur so they can be sealed in the future. The stand turned out to be stronger and more stable than anticipated since water was successfully ran through the system without the stand tipping over. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard In conclusion, the foam filtration team has successfully built a second system and stand for the system. \end_layout \begin_layout Section* Future Work \end_layout \begin_layout Standard A linear chemical doser for coagulant and chlorine dosing needs to be developed for the system. Originally, the Spring 2013 foam filtration team planned on completing this task but due to time constraints, were unable to do so. Experiments that involve running water at different turbidities need to be performed to determine the cleaning protocol, foam lifetime and filter cleaning requirements. \end_layout \end_body \end_document